What are piles and how its forms? - Health and wellness

Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are a common health condition that affects the rectum and anus. It occurs when the veins in the lower rectum or anus become swollen and inflamed, causing pain, itching, and bleeding. Piles can be caused by a variety of factors, including constipation, diarrhea, pregnancy, obesity, and prolonged sitting or standing. To prevent and manage piles, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, which includes eating a balanced diet, drinking plenty of water, exercising regularly, and avoiding prolonged sitting or standing. Treatment options for piles range from over-the-counter creams and ointments to surgical procedures, depending on the severity of the condition. However, a healthy lifestyle and early intervention are key to preventing and managing piles and promoting overall health and wellness.

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Piles or hemorrhoid is a lump or bulge in your anal canal, forms by varicosity of blood vessels (veins) of the rectum. Sometimes it arises from outside around the anus called external piles. Start in young, middle-age groups.

There are three main branches of rectal veins, imagine your cross-section of the rectum as a wall clock, the three main branches of rectal veins situated in the 3o clock, 7o clock, and 11o clock position. These three branches further divide small veins. Mostly hemorrhoids arise from the main branches, some time they form from small branches also.

Reasons for the varicosity of rectal veins

There are many causes for hemorrhoid, but the most common is lifestyle changes.

1.       Inadequate fiber diet

·         Fibers form the bulk of the stool, if you eat fewer fibers, there is not forms the proper amount of fecal matter, that’s why there is not forms continuity in your bowel. So you have to strain while pass stool.

·         Over straining is affecting your rectum. 

2.       Inadequate quantity of diet

·         If you eat a small amount of food daily, there is no chance to form adequate bulk. So again you have to strain for pass stool.

3.       Inadequate water intake

·         Your body needs an adequate amount of water daily, if you don’t drink it what happens? The main water absorption area is your large bowel, after storage of fecal matter in your rectum, more water absorb from it. So the stool becomes harder. So again you have to strain for pass stool.

4.       Fault bowel habit

·         When you feel to defecate, you have to do it. If you postpone it next time you go for the toilet the mechanism of defecation is not work properly. So you have to strain. Another thing is if you postpone stooling also become harder because of water absorption.

5.       Less physical activity

·         Physical activities like exercise, games, gym make your body fit. And also maintain good bowel movement, that’s why your whole bowel is clear properly.

6.       Sedentary work

·         If you are in a working group and a sedentary worker, you spent more time on your chair. It increases in heat in your anus and rectum. So your stool becomes harder.

7.       Familial

·         Some hemorrhoid cases have a family history that means their siblings or other blood relations have the same problems. Compare with others in such cases they have very thin vein walls, so little strain can cause hemorrhoid.

Above the reasons, the rectal veins become dilated and varicose. It forms bulging in rectal mucosa into the rectum. It sometimes ruptures and bleeds when you defecate, sometimes come out from anus go back spontaneously after passed stool, sometimes you have to push back, sometime you can’t push it back.

According to the features, modern medicine classified the internal piles into four degrees.

1^st degree – there is little or a little bit more fresh blood before or while or after passing stool but there is no bulging out of your anus.

2^nd degree – there is a bulging coming out while passing stool and spontaneously goes up after defecation. It may with or without bleeding.

3^rd degree – it is the severe form of piles, called external piles. There is a bulging coming out, but it does not go spontaneously, you have to push back into your anus.

4^th degree - it is more severe, the bulging never go back when you pushing too. The bulging is squished between your anal sphincters. So cause severe pain. It needs emergency surgical reduction.